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Описание работы

The legal system in many countries, including ……. , is based on common law.
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
Russia

People usually try to ... disputes in informal ways.
produce
set up
discuss
settle

Governments use civil and public laws to ... social control.
establish
govern
produce
involve

The most common torts are:
the tort of deformation.
the tort of conversion
the tort of nuisance
the tort of trespass

The main categories of English civil law are:
law of contracts
legal law
land law and family law
law of torts

Barristers specialize in … in front of a judge.
arguing cases
assisting employees and employers
drawing up wills
giving advice

Civil law concerns relationships between:
the rights of private persons
the duties of private persons
state
private persons

The constitutional law in the UK consists of:
claims
constitutional conventions
statute law
common law

Substantive law creates, defines, regulates … in all area of law.
duties
agreements
liabilities
rights

There can be three parties in the trust:
a trustee
a settler
a trustor
a beneficiary

Someone who is accused of a crime in a criminal case is

A person who has studied law and can act for people on legal business is

Установите соответствие между понятиями на латинском языке и их определениями на английском:
per annum
ipso facto
inter alia
de facto
pro forma

Установите соответствие между понятиями и их определениями:
money claimed by someone as compensation for harm done
a specialist court outside the judicial system which examines special problems
a disagreement or argument between parties
not guilty of a crime
a set of arguments or facts put forward by one side in a legal proceeding

Установите последовательность структуры в документе «Agreement to provide legal services»:
Counterparts
Dispute Resolution
Terms of Payment
Duration, Alteration and Termination of the Agreement
Obligations of the Consultant
Obligations of the Client
Subject Matter

To send someone to prison or to a court.

Установите последовательность структуры в документе «Trial Brief»
Introduction
Summary of Argument
Statement of Facts
Conclusion
Argument
Question Presented

Complete the passage below with the words given below:
In England and Wales, a barrister is a member of one of the Inns of Court (= the four law societies in London to which ___ are members); he or she has passed ___ and spent one year in training) before being ___ (= being fully accepted to practise law). Barristers have the ___ in all courts in England and Wales: in other words, they have the right to speak, but they do not have that right ___.

Match the headings A-E with the paragraphs 1-5
A. an unspoken implied or understood contract between a shop and a customer
B. loan agreement
C. employment contract
D. franchise agreement
E. a tenancy (agreement)
1. I went into the supermarket and chose the items that I wanted. As soon as my basket was full, I headed for the checkout.
2. The property is unfurnished, and the rent is ?650 pcm, which has to be paid monthly in arrears. Electricity, gas and phone bills are extra. There's a communal garden and a communal parking area, for which I also have to pay a nominal maintenance fee. The landlord is responsible for any repairs to the property. I'm not allowed to sublet at any time. I've signed the lease for 18 months.
3. We're opening our own branch in the town centre next week. The deal is fairly simple: we get the right to use the company's name, their trademark, their trade names and products, wear their uniforms and use their stationery. They also provide our staff with all the necessary training, give us invaluable managerial assistance and provide advertising materials. In return, we have to meet specific requirements, such as quality of service, maintaining good customer relations, and following the company's standard procedures. Oh, and buy all the products we sell from them, naturally.
4. The total amount you are borrowing is ?9,000 at an APR of 6.6%. Repaid in monthly instalments over 3 years, this gives you a monthly repayment figure of ?275.46, totalling ?9,916.56. You have opted out of the repayment protection premium scheme. If you wish to make an early settlement, the figure above will be recalculated accordingly. As soon as you sign a form, your funds will be released into your bank account. Please note that penalties will be applied if you default on repayments.
5. This appointment is for a period of two years, following a 4-:week probationary period. Your remuneration package includes an annual gross salary of ?32,000. You are entitled to sick pay and 6 weeks annual leave after you have been with us for 3 months. Your hours of work are 9 to 5 Monday to Friday, although you may be asked to work overtime during busy periods. The company has its own medical and pension schemes which you may join.

Установите последовательность структуры в документе «Working Draft»
Facts
Question Presented
Caption
Discussion
Conclusion (answer the question as a whole)
Brief Answer

Criminal law proscribes conduct perceived as
assisting in charity
harmful endangering to the property
threatening
harmful endangering to the health, safety, and moral welfare of people

“Guilty Act” may be accomplished:
by an action
by an omission to act, which is a legal duty to act.
by threat of action
by contract

to commit a wrong:
совершать правонарушения
участвовать в правонарушении
совершать ошибку
совершить зло

to concern disputes:
беспокоиться о споре
согласовывать спорные вопросы
интересоваться спорами
касаться споров

The core crimes under international law are:
genocide
crimes against humanity
war crimes
theft

Law of trusts:
закон о доверии
закон об обязанностях
доверительное право
доверительный закон

Many criminal codes provide penalties for:
embezzlement
theft
entry onto the room
conversion

burden of proof:
телесное повреждение
бремя доказывания
основная мысль доказывания
противоправное действие

to bring a criminal action:
совершить криминальный поступок
принести дело в суд
выявить совершение преступления
возбуждать уголовное дело

Law of torts:
закон о причинении вреда
деликтное право
система наказаний за нарушения правил гражданских норм
закон о правонарушениях

Установить последовательность плана письма - совета юриста клиенту.
The legal issue(s)
Summary of the facts
Opening paragraph
The lawyer’s advice
The lawyer’s proposed action

Установить последовательность порядка слов в предложении
is a group of ordinary people
and give a verdict
the facts of the case
Jury
selected at random to decide

Установить последовательность предъявления информации.
At the first reading, the title is read to members of Parliament (MPs).
The legislative process involves three readings in both Houses.
At the third reading, the Bill is re-presented.
The Bill then goes through readings in the upper house.
All Acts must be submitted to both Houses of Parliament in the draft form of a Bill.
Then a standing committee will scrutinize the provisions in the Bill and may amend it to ensure that it enshrines the principles debated and approved at the second reading. This is reported back to MPs.
At the second reading, MPs debate proposals.

Установите соответствие между словами и словосочетаниями и их синонимами:
to adopt
the Queen
re-trial
error
to overturn

Установите соответствие между словами и словосочетаниями и их переводом:
act in the interests of smb
appear before a court
make legal arrangements for smth
case of public importance
injured party
put some money as security
be entitled to smth
redundancy payments
breach

The arguments used when fighting a case.

A group of 12 citizens who decide whether or not someone is guilty in a trial.

To order someone to pay money as a punishment.

Complete the sentences by rearranging the jumbled letters in bold.
For example:
The airline will comsatepen passengers for lost luggage to the value of ?500. (to pay for loss or damage suffered)
Answer:
Comsatepen - compensate
1. In order to raise enough money for its new venture, the company decided to liqdateui - ___ some of its assets. (to sell assets or stock to raise cash)
2. All of our employees are entitedl - ___ to four weeks' holiday a year. (to have or give someone the right to do something)
3. A neutral party was called in to tedaime - ___ between the manager and his staff. (to try to make two sides in an argument come to an agreement)
4. The company takesunder - ___ to provide quality service at a competitive cost. (to promise to do something)
5. A lot of people were unhappy when he was paintpo - ___ to the post of Managing Director. (to choose someone for a job)

Complete the passage below with the phrases given below:
A. People who have played their stereo equipment so loudly and at such unreasonable hours that it has disturbed and upset their neighbours are found to have committed a nuisance.
B. If the parties cannot reach agreement and settle the case between themselves, the courts have to decide who, if anyone, has been negligent and what the compensation should be.
C. The workers may be liable for conversion because making clothing out of the store owner’s bolts of fabric prevents the store owner from selling his fabric by the yard in his fabric store.
D. Libel is regarded as more serious than slander, because things that are written are obviously more permanent than things that are said.
E. The court may order the trespasser to pay damages. It may also issue an injunction -: a court order prohibiting him from trespassing again.
People are not allowed on private land without consent. This has given rise to the saying 'An Englishman's home is his castle'. For example, the law is that only people who are allowed to come into your home are those who are lawfully there -: either at your 'invitation', or because they have been given authority to enter by the courts, such as the police entering your home after first obtaining a warrant. Someone who unlawfully invades your property may be sued for trespass .
Each year thousands of people are killed or injured in road accidents or accidents at work. This frequently happens because somebody has been in breach of their duty to take reasonable care for the safety of others. This means that they were negligent in some way. .
We all have the right to enjoy our property. The legal meaning of this word is that we have the right to keep it without its value to us being disturbed or spoiled. A person who does spoil another's enjoyment of his or her property can be ordered to pay damages. He can also be ordered to stop committing the nuisance -: by an injunction. .
This tort concerns damage to reputation. . Things that are broadcast on radio or television, and which may therefore reach millions of people, are also regarded as libel, not slander.
It is an intentional tort in which one person “takes” someone else’s property by using or altering the property in a way that is inconsistent with the rights of the owner. .

Невозможно иметь общество без законов.
It is not possible to get a society without laws.
It is possible to have a society without laws.
It is not possible to have a society without laws.
It is not possible to have a society with laws.

Билет на поезд представляет контракт с правовыми обязательствами.
A train ticket represents an agreement with lawful obligations.
A train ticket represent a contract with lawful obligations.
A train ticket represents a contract with legal obligations.
A train ticket represents a contract in lawful obligations.

Сторона, начинающая гражданское дело, называется истцом.
The party brings a civil action is called the plaintiff.
The party bringing a civil action is called the plaintiff.
The party brings a civil action calling the plaintiff.
The party bringing a civil action calling the plaintiff.

A nonprofit corporation is organized for a _______ purpose.
charitable
educational
social
entertainment

Private corporations are classified as:
public service corporations
non-: profit
social networks
profit-: making

Сторона, обвиняемая в суде за преступление или правонарушение, называется чиком в обоих случаях.
The party is accused in court of a crime or a civil offence is called the defendant in both kinds of actions.
The party accused in court within a crime or a civil crime is called the plaintiff in both kinds of actions.
The party accused in court within a crime or a civil crime is called the defendant in both kinds of actions.
The party accused in court of a crime or a civil offence is called the defendant in both kinds of actions.

Государства создают законы и применяют их к своим гражданам.
Governments makes laws and regulates them against their citizens.
Governments make laws and enforce them against their citizens.
Governments make laws and regulate them with their citizens.
Governments make laws and enforces them against his citizens.

Международное право регулирует отношения между государствами, а также между гражданами одной страны и гражданами другой страны.
International law regulates friendship between governments and also between private citizens of one country and those of another.
International law regulates relations between governments and also between private citizens of one country and those of another.
International law regulates relations between parliament and also between private citizenship of one country and those of another.
International law regulate relations between governments and also between private citizens of one country and those of another.

Конституционное право регулирует действие законов в государстве и отношения между частными гражданами и государством.
Constitutional law show how the law prosecutes in the state and regulates relations between private citizens and the society.
Constitutional law shows how the law operates in the state and regulates relations between private citizens and the government.
Constitutional law shows how the law prosecutes in the state and regulates relations between private citizens and the society.
Constitutional law shows how the law prosecutes in the state and regulates relations between private citizens and the government.

A partnership is an association of two or more persons to carry on, as co-: workers, a business for profit. They share:
management
rules
profits
liabilities to debts

Установите последовательность фраз в диалоге.
Well, it means that law students study in one of over 170 law schools that have been approved by the American Bar Association (ABA). And most of law schools are part of a university. The university may be private, without state support, or it may be supported by one of the fifty states.
How long does one have to study to get legal education in the USA?
Education in every law school lasts three years. For example, at Harvard the academic year consists of three trimesters: fall – 3,5 months, winter – 3-: 4 weeks (brief but very intensive) and spring – 4 months. What about Russia?
Law students in Russia study five years to get a University degree. There is a one-: year post-: graduate course for those who do a higher degree (Master"s degree). After that they can apply to do a second degree working towards a PhD. This course lasts three years.
What does it mean to study law in the USA?

Установите соответствие между словами и словосочетаниями и их синонимами:
to organize
debenture
every year
penalty
to fall
to acquire

Установите соответствие между глаголом и существительным, чтобы получилось словосочетание:
view/inspect
raise
register/run
impose
draw up
obtain
submit/reject

The company promised to act ____ the law. (preposition = obey the laws of a country).

Установить последовательность порядка слов в предложении
The party in power
the most members
is likely
on the committee
to have

Установите последовательность предъявления информации в письме.
What is more, the new firm is not very far away. I mention this because our partnership agreement states that if a partner leaves, he should not do business within a 5-mile radius of his old firm.
My problem is that I do not think I can afford to buy him out right now.
... I formed an accountancy partnership with David B. five years ago, specializing in accountancy services and tax advice for small businesses.
I am worried that David B. might take some of our existing clients with him to his new firm. …
My partner has now informed me he wishes to leave our firm in order to accept a partnership with a large firm specializing in accountancy for large corporations.

Установите соответствие между словосочетаниями и их переводом:
to have unlimited control over the business
insider trading
to sell shares at a discount
to find personal property at risk
to raise capital
to pay debts only up to a certain limit
to be secured by a charge over accompany asset

Insider dealing is ___ the law. (preposition = not according to the laws of a country)

Complete the sentences by rearranging the jumbled letters in bold.
For example:
The airline will comsatepen passengers for lost luggage to the value of ?500. (to pay for loss or damage suffered)
Answer:
Comsatepen -: compensate
Consideration is the price paid for the promise of the other party. The price must be something of lueva - ___, although it need not be money. Consideration may be some right, interest or befitne - ___ going to one party or some forbearance, detriment, slos - ___ or responsibility given, suffered or undertaken by the other party. So long as consiationder - ___ exists, the court will not question its adcyequa - ___, provided that it is of some value.

Complete the text using the words:
What is a contract?
It is an agreement that creates a binding ___ upon the parties. The essentials of a contract are as follows: mutual ___; a legal ___, which in most instances need not be financial; parties who have legal ___ to make a contract; absence of ___ or duress; and a subject matter that is not ___ or against public policy.

Which are the right translations of the word “legal”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
юридический
правовой
уголовный
судебный

The UK Parliament comprises…
Выберите один ответ:
two separate Houses - the House of Commons and the House of Lords
nothing is right
one House - the House of Commons
one House - the House of Lords

The law is a set of rules for the society, designed to…
Выберите один ответ:
to arrest and punish people without trial
nothing is right
protect basic rights and freedoms
to ensure that society operates in an orderly manner

Which are the basic categories of law?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
legal law
family law
private law
public law

Which are the parts of the UK Parliament?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
the Cabinet of Ministers
the Government
the House of Lords
the House of Commons

Public law deals with…
Выберите один ответ:
relationship between individuals in a society
relationship between relatives
relationship between the individual and the state
nothing is right

Which are the right translations of the word “jurisdiction”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
полномочия
решение
власть
распоряжение

The UK has…
Выберите один ответ:
three separate legal systems
one legal system
two separate legal systems
four separate legal systems

Private law is used to…
Выберите один ответ:
nothing is right
settle disputes between the individual and the state
settle disputes between individuals
affect the society as a whole

The judicial branch of the UK is made up of…
Выберите один ответ:
the monarch, legally-qualified judges and magistrates
legally-qualified judges
legally-qualified judges and magistrates
magistrates

Установите соответствие между словами и словосочетаниями и их синонимами:
power
to make laws
just
to organize business
duty
authority
obligation
to set up a business
fair
to create laws

Any act which is not legal is ___.

The different branches of the government create, implement, and interpret the laws we use as guide for our conduct are called state ___.

Установите последовательность cлов в предложении:
used
The
in
is
term
law
many
senses

Areas of social justice in which a punishment becomes mandatory directly affect the law. This include civil rights _____________, domestic violence and abuse, forced marriages, statutory rights, immigration status and other social issues that call for an immediate action on part of the authorities.
Guess which word is missing:
Выберите один ответ:
defence
disturbance
violations
protection

Stated simply, the sovereign _______________ doctrine recognizes a judicially enforced right of a sovereign to protect itself from serious and demonstrable harm.
Guess which concept is missing:
Выберите один ответ:
self-service
self-confidence
self-preservation
self-defence

Установите последовательность cлов в предложении:
law
is
precedent
Common
on
based

A disagreement or argument between parties is ___.

Choose the odd one out:
The legislative branch of the UK is made up of:
Выберите один ответ:
the monarch
the House of Commons
the House of Lords
armed forces

Which are the right translations of the word “offended”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
оскорбленный
потерявший
пострадавший
потерпевший

Executive power in the USA is exercised and under the authority of…
Выберите один ответ:
the Senate
the Supreme Court
the President
the House of Representatives

Which is the highest court in the USA?
Выберите один ответ:
the Court of Appeals
the State Court
the Supreme Court
the District Court

Which are the right translations of the word “governance”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
власть
управление
сила
руководство

Which is not the right translation of the word “law”?
Выберите один ответ:
право
суд
обязательство
закон

Which are the right translations of the word “trial”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
cуд
судебный процесс
право
обязанность

The head of the UK is…
Выберите один ответ:
the Government
the Prime Minister
the Parliament
the Monarch

Which are the chambers of the USA Congress?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
the Cabinet of Ministers
the Government
the Senate
the House of Representatives

Which are the right translations of the word “evidence”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
свидетельство
наблюдение
улика
свидетельские показания

Which are the right translations of the word “suit”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
иск
процесс
положение
тяжба

An example of _____ law is traffic regulations.

A British lawyer who advises clients, represents them in the lower courts, and prepares cases for barristers to try in higher courts is called ___.

___ is a person who has the legal right to act for someone else.

___ law deals with matters that affect society as a whole.

Установите последовательность cлов в предложении:
law
to
The
person
every
applies

Choose the odd one out:
State institutions means and include:
Выберите один ответ:
private companies
the Executive
the People's Majlis
Judicial Power

Which is the right translation of the term “law of torts”?
Выберите один ответ:
деликтное право
закон о причинении вреда
закон о правонарушениях
система наказаний за нарушения правил гражданских норм

___ is the state of being legally responsible for something.

Установить последовательность порядка слов в предложении
rules
of
by
a
state
established
system
the
Law
is

Although libel or ___________ is now primarily a civil claim, it once was primarily a criminal offense, prosecuted by the government and punishable by imprisonment or a fine.
Guess which word is missing:
Выберите один ответ:
negligence
defamation
fraud
tort

Criminal ______________ definition is a form of reckless behavior where a person has ignored obvious risks, disregarding the lives of other people.
Guess which word is missing:
Выберите один ответ:
inattention
forgetfulness
negligence
failure

What is the primary goal of civil law?
Выберите один ответ:
to imprison the wrongdoer
to assign a probation to the wrongdoer
to punish the wrongdoer
to compensate an injured party for the damage done to it

The category of law which is connected with relations in the economic sphere of life, with relations involving property, its distribution and exchange, is called….
Выберите один ответ:
administrative law
financial law
civil law
criminal law

Which are the right translations of the word “evade”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
уклоняться
прятаться
избегать
отказываться

The category of law which defines the general principles of criminal responsibility, individual types of crimes and punishments applied to criminals is called….
Выберите один ответ:
criminal law
international law
civil law
administrative law

Which is the right translation of the word “criminal investigation”?
Выберите один ответ:
уголовное преступление
уголовное дело
уголовное право
уголовное расследование

What is the leading category of the whole system of law in Russia?
Выберите один ответ:
Administrative law
Constitutional law
Financial law
International law

Which are the right translations of the word “defamation”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
клевета
диффамация
небрежность
халатность

Which are the types of torts?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
strict liability torts
torts based on negligence
legal torts
intentional torts

Which are the classifications of law?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
personal law
criminal law
civil law
family law

A formal written statement of one party's claims or defenses in response to another party's complaint(s) in a civil action is called ___.

Установить последовательность порядка слов в предложении
The
in
police
have
many
legal
process
functions
the

Установить последовательность порядка слов в предложении
There
many
laws
ways
are
classify
to

Recompense for injury or loss is called ___.

Which is the right translation of the word “burden of proof”?
Выберите один ответ:
противоправное действие
основная мысль доказывания
телесное повреждение
бремя доказывания

_____ is a statement that is not true and harms the reputation of an individual.

_____ is an illegal act causing injury to the person, property or rights of another.

Установите соответствие между словами и словосочетаниями и их синонимами:
to adopt
to break
penalty
to overturn
error
to pass
to overrule
to violate
punishment
mistake

Choose the odd one out:
Types of fraud:
Выберите один ответ:
alteration of documents
destruction of evidence
kidnapping
false statements

Choose the odd one out:
Common torts include:
Выберите один ответ:
emotional harm
damage to personal property
nuisance
drunken driven

Установите соответствие между понятиями и их определениями:
mistake about a point of law
proof that one has passed examinations and gained a certain degree of knowledge
sum of money that an employee dismissed because of redundancy is entitled to receive
a request to a higher court to re-examine the case
right to be heard
document by which a person appoints executors to administer his estate after his death
right of audience
will
qualification
appeal
redundancy payments
legal error

A person committing a tort is called ____

Conduct that is twisted or crooked and not straight is ___.

A person who behaves illegally or dishonestly (an offender) is called ___.

A person harmed, injured, or killed as a result of a crime, accident, or other event or action is called ___.

Which are the right translations of the word “libel”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
избегать
дискредитировать
клеветать
уклоняться

Which are the right translations of the word “preclude”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
рассматривать
препятствовать
наказывать
предотвращать

Which is the right translation of the word “trespass”?
Выберите один ответ:
нарушение порядка
халатность
посягательство
клевета

Which are the right translations of the word “perpetrator”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
преступник
обвиняемый
злоумышленник
нарушитель

Which are the categories of law in Russia?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
Constitutional law
Financial law
Family law
Administrative law

Which is the right translation of the term “probate law”?
Выберите один ответ:
наследственное право
закон о завещании
закон о наследстве
утверждение завещания

Which are the right translations of the word “wrong”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
преступление
потеря
правонарушение
несправедливость

What is the main legal remedy?
Выберите один ответ:
compensatory damages, which is money
an injunction
a specific performance
a non-monetary remedy

Which are the right translations of the word “negligence”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
халатность
небрежность
клевета
злословие

What are the reasons to start a claim?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
something that you bought is not working properly
someone refuses to pay you money that he (she) owes to you
someone doesn`t like you
something that you paid for is not supplied to you

What do barristers specialize in?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
speaking for someone in court
working for a legal practice, which is usually a partnership
giving advice to non-professional clients
giving opinions on areas of law to solicitors

Which is the right translation of the term “to start a claim”?
Выберите один ответ:
пожаловаться
открыть дело
начать заседание
подать судебный иск

The burden of proof is always on …
Выберите один ответ:
the Prosecution
the Jury
the Judge
the Defendant

What do solicitors usually do?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
work as jurors
represent their clients both in and out of court
take legal business for ordinary people
prepare all the necessary documents for barristers

Which is the right translation of the word “jury”?
Выберите один ответ:
комиссия
судебные приставы
отделение суда
присяжные

Which are the right translations of the word “адвокат”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
barrister
juror
lawyer
attorney

What witnesses are called to give evidence at civil trial?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
a jury`s witnesses
factual witnesses
expert witnesses
a judge`s witnesses

Which is the right translation of the term “a civil claim”?
Выберите один ответ:
обвинение
жалоба
гражданский иск
судебная претензия

How many members does a jury include?
Выберите один ответ:
10
12
15
20

A person making a claim, especially in a lawsuit or for a state benefit is called ___.

Установите соответствие между словосочетаниями и их переводом:
to start a claim
to enter a guilty
to work for law firms
to represent clients
to take legal business
to set out
to seek relief
искать судебной защиты
заявить о признании вины
представлять интересы клиентов
вести юридические дела
работать в адвокатских фирмах
излагать
подать иск

A person who sees an event, typically a crime or accident, take place is called ___.

A body of people (typically twelve in number) sworn to give a verdict in a legal case on the basis of evidence submitted to them in court is called ___.

Установить последовательность порядка слов в предложении
in
used
jury
The
mainly
criminal
cases
is

A barrister or other lawyer who conducts the case against a defendant in a criminal court is called ___.

The available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid is called ___.

With regard to legal aid, the________________ provided assistance to citizens who could not afford legal representation.
Guess which concept is missing:
Выберите один ответ:
volunteer association
prosecutor’s office
bar association
faculty of law

You _____ the law if you try to export goods without a license. (to do something that is not legal)

_____ law is the type of law relating to agreements.

Capital punishment, also known as the ________________ and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned practice of killing a person as a punishment for a crime, usually following an authorized, rule-governed process to conclude that the person is responsible for violating norms that warrant said punishment.
Guess which concept is missing:
Выберите один ответ:
suspended prison term
life imprisonment
prison sentence
death penalty

Установите последовательность элементов стандартного офисного меморандума.
Caption
Question Presented
Conclusion
Discussion
Facts
Brief Answer

Установите соответствие между английским словом и его переводом на русский язык:
a defendant
a will
a jury
a claim
a lawyer
a judge
a plaintiff
завещание
судья
ответчик
истец
присяжные
адвокат
иск

An________________ is a court order prohibiting a person from doing something or requiring a person to do something. It is an equitable remedy used by the courts in a variety of cases to avoid injustice.
Guess which word is missing:
Выберите один ответ:
injunction
imprisonment
penalty
offence

The verdict can be either “not guilty” or “guilty”. In Scotland, the verdict of ____________is also available. There may be different verdicts for different countsin the same case.
Guess which concept is missing:
Выберите один ответ:
“not proven”
“not verified”
“not ratified”
“not confirmed”

Which is the right translation of the word “witness”?
Выберите один ответ:
свидетель
потерпевший
ответчик
истец

Which is the right translation of the word “discharge”?
Выберите один ответ:
наказание
исполнение
освобождение из-под стражи
осуждение

Which are the right translations of the word “истец”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
plaintiff
customer
claimant
defendant

What are the main functions of a judge in a trial?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
to conduct the proceedings
put questions to the parties and witnesses
to represent a client in court
to pass the sentence

Which is the right English translation of the term “судебный сбор”?
Выберите один ответ:
court fee
court collection
court amount
court money

Which are the right translations of the word “inaccurate”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
ошибочный
неточный
неверный
недостаточный

Any legal document must be…
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
conforming to the objective standards of legal profession
concise
clear
complicated

Which are the right translations of the word “premises”?
Выберите один или несколько ответов:
помещение, которым владеет компания
недвижимость
завод
здание

Which is the right translation of the term “to pass the sentence”?
Выберите один ответ:
передать слово
объявить
подвести итог
вынести приговор

Which is the right translation of the term “trial brief”?
Выберите один ответ:
краткое письменное изложение дела
краткая судебная информация
ограничение по судебному делу
итоги судебного дела

Choose the odd one out:
Statutory rights cover a wide range of issues such as:
Выберите один ответ:
pay at or above minimum wage
go on strikes
the right not to face discrimination
protection against unfair dismissal

A ___________ is a proceeding by one or more parties (the plaintiff or claimant) against one or more parties (the defendant) in a civil court of law.
Guess which word is missing:
Выберите один ответ:
trial
case
lawsuit
case

The law is a set of rules for society, designed to protect basic rights and freedoms, and to treat everyone fairly. These rules can be divided into two basic categories: public law and private law. Public law deals with matters that affect society as a whole. It includes areas of the law known as criminal, constitutional and administrative law. They deal with the relationship between the individual and the state. If someone breaks a criminal law, it is regarded as a wrong against society as a whole, and the state takes steps to prosecute the offender. Private law deals with relationship between individuals in society and is used primarily to settle private disputes. When one individual sues another over some private dispute, this is a matter for private law. Private suits are also called “civil” suits. Laws must be enforced, interpreted and applied if they are to be effective, and the legal system includes a number of institutions to carry out these duties. Police forces enforce the law. Courts interpret both public and private law in specific cases and impose remedies, “sanctions” or penalties. What is law?
a set of moral obligations to tell people what they should and should not do
a set of rules to control people behavior
a set of rules for society, designed to protect basic rights and freedoms, and to treat everyone fairly
not mentioned
Which is the right translation of the term “public law”?
общее право
законное право
общественное право
основное право
What sort of matters does public law deal with?
family relationship
relationship between individuals in a given society
relationship between the individual and the state
not mentioned
Which is the right translation of the term “private law”?
конфиденциальное право
законное право
частное право
собственное право
What sort of matters does private law deal with?
international relationship between two states
relationship between individuals in a given society
relationship between the individual and the state
not mentioned

Choose the odd one out:
Characteristics of code law:
Выберите один ответ:
is a systematic collection of statutes
were compiled by the most ancient people
have been systematically written down
based on judicial decisions

“Again, what lessons can be learned from the use of _______________ devices, as alternatives to imprisonment and what safeguards are necessary?”
Guess which concept is missing:
Выберите один ответ:
mobile telephones
electronic tagging
surveillance cameras
handcuffs

_______________ are custodial sentences where the offender does not have to go to prison provided that they commit no further offences and comply with any requirements imposed.
Guess which concept is missing:
Выберите один ответ:
prison sentence
rehabilitation program
suspended sentence
electronic tagging

Choose the odd one out:
Characteristics of case law:
Выберите один ответ:
based on precedents
concerns unique disputes
based on judicial decisions
have been systematically written down

Civil law. The claimant typically seeks relief from the court in the form of a declaration that the defendant has breached a legal duty, as well as a remedy. If the claimant has sought damages, the court decides whether the claimant is entitled to damages and then decides the amount. If the damages assessment is complicated, the court can order an inquiry into damages.Where the claimant has sought an injunction, for example, preventing the defendant from trespassing on the claimant's property, the court must decide what is an appropriate remedy, if any, and the precise terms of it.When judgment has been delivered, the judge must deal with costs of the case, which may include the fees of any lawyers, court fees, fees of expert witnesses, allowances for litigants in person, lost earnings and travel expenses of the parties and their witnesses. The general rule is that the losing party must pay the costs of the successful party but the court has discretion on the cost award that it can make. The judge can hear representations about this at the end of the case or in a separate cost hearing.Criminal law. The verdict can be either "not guilty" or "guilty". In Scotland, the verdict of "not proven" is also available. There may be different verdicts for different counts in the same case.
Which is the right translation of the word “claimant”?
истец
свидетель
ответчик
юрист
Who usually pays the costs of the case?
the losing party
the successful party
the claimant
the judge
Who takes the decision for the costs of the case?
the court
the claimant
the defendant
not mentioned
Which is the right translation of the word “not proven”?
не доказано
не виновен
виновен
частично виновен
In which part of the UK is the verdict "not proven" available?
in Scotland
in England
in Wales
nowhere

There are two classes of lawyers in England and Wales — barristers and solicitors. In England and Wales most law students become solicitors. When they finish their university studies, which usually take three years, they do a one year legal practice course and then a two-year training contract with a law firm. After that, they are qualified solicitors. Many solicitors work for a legal practice, which is usually a partnership of solicitors who work together. Solicitors practice in many areas of law, although each solicitor usually chooses to specialize in one particular area. They represent their clients both in and out of court, which is often described as “acting for a client”. Solicitors are lawyers who take legal business for ordinary people. They give advice to non-professional clients and prepare all the necessary documents for the barrister.Barristers are self-employed lawyers and don’t work in partnerships in the way that solicitors do. They are specialists in advocacy, which is the skill of speaking for someone in court, called “pleading a case”. They also give opinions on areas of law to solicitors and the solicitors’ clients. It is not just barristers who have the right of audience in court – solicitors are also allowed to represent their clients in court and many solicitors appear in court every day. It is not true to say that a client always needs a barrister in court. Still, it's the barrister who conducts the case in the higher courts. Educational standard for barrister is really high. A barrister must pass the special legal exams and become a member of a legal corporation called «Inn of Court». All barristers are either «juniors» or «King's (Queen's)». When a barrister becomes Q.C. he «takes silk». It means that he can wear a silk gown. Participating in a trial, a barrister may be counsel for the plaintiff (counsel for the prosecution) or counsel for the defendant (counsel for the defense).
How many years does it take to become a qualified solicitor?
6 years
3 years
2 years
4 years
Where do solicitors usually work?
in legal practice which is usually a partnership of solicitors who work together
in advocacy
they are self-employed
not mentioned
What do barristers specialize in?
advocacy, which is the skill of speaking for someone in court, called “pleading a case”
legal business for ordinary people
giving advice to non-professional clients
not mentioned
Who can wear a silk gown?
barristers
solicitors
nobody
not mentioned
Who conduct the case in the higher courts?
barristers
solicitors
both barristers and solicitors
not mentioned

Choose the odd one out:
What are the main functions of the jury?
Выберите один ответ:
to determine what the true facts are
to render a verdict of guilty or not guilty
to decide the facts of the case and make a ruling
discuss the evidence and their beliefs about the case

Civil cases. The main function of the trial is for the judge to hear the evidence and decide on the claim. The parties may have agreed some important facts or preliminary issues before trial. These issues may concern the law to be applied or the terms of the judgment to be given, but usually written and oral evidence will be given by the parties and their witnesses and live witnesses may be cross-examined. Factual and expert witnesses are generally called to give evidence at trial. Their written statements tend to stand as evidence-in-chief, so they do not need to give oral evidence on the matters contained in their witness statements. Criminal cases. The function of the trial is for the Crown to present and prove their case and for the defense to argue for an acquittal or conviction on a lesser charge. Where the defendant enters a guilty/no contest plea the judge is informed in advance. If the judge accepts the plea he or she hears the plea in open court so that it forms part of the record. The defendant is then sentenced.The judge plays an active role in the trial, controlling the way the case is conducted. In both the Crown Court and Magistrates' Court, advocates prosecute the case on behalf of the Crown. The defendant has his or her own legal representative in court to defend him or her against the charges.
What is the main function of the trial for the judge in civil cases?
to hear the evidence and decide on the claim
to present and provide the case
to argue for an acquittal or conviction on a lesser charge
not mentioned
What sort of questions do parties in civil cases agree before the trial?
the questions concerning the law to be applied or the terms of the judgement to be given
the parties do not agree any questions before the trial
the questions concerning the choice of witnesses
not mentioned
What is the role of a judge in a criminal process?
to control the way the case is conducted
to hear the evidence
to prosecute the case
not mentioned
Who defends defendants in court?
a legal representative
a judge
a juror
not mentioned
What does a judge in a criminal process do if a defendant enters guilty/no contest plea?
a judge hears the plea in open court so that it forms the part of the record
a judge argues the plea
a judge does nothing
not mentioned

The United Kingdom (the UK) has three separate legal systems: one each for England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. This reflects its historical origins. The UK has an unwritten constitution in that there is no single written document that sets out the rights of individual citizens and how the Government should act. The UK constitution is comprised of a variety of sources, some of which are written (such as statutes) and others (such as constitutional conventions), which are unwritten. Constitutional conventions are an important non-legal and unwritten source of the constitution. They may be defined as: "…rules of constitutional behavior …considered to be binding upon those who operate the constitution but which are not enforced by the law courts…nor by the presiding officers in the House of Commons". An example of a constitutional convention is that the monarch always gives Royal Assent to a bill, if advised to do so by the Prime Minister.How many legal systems does the UK have?
one legal system
four separate legal systems
three separate legal systems
two separate legal systems
Is the constitution of the UK written? -: it is written -: it is partly written +: it is unwritten -: not mentionedThe UK constitution is comprised of… -: constitutional conventions -: statutes +: statutes and constitutional conventions -: not mentionedConstitutional conventions may be defined as…
legal written conventions
rules of constitutional behavior which are enforced by the law courts
rules of constitutional behavior which are not enforced by the law courts
not mentioned
Which is the example of a constitutional convention of the UK?
the House of Lords always gives the Assents to a bill
the Prime Minister always gives the Assents to a bill
the Monarch always gives the Royal Assent to a bill, if advised to do so by the Prime Minister
not mentioned

The United States has a federal system of government, a written constitution, and a common law legal system, though “legal system” is used here as a term of convenience that encompasses a multiplicity of systems that are linked in often complex ways. There is a legal system for the federal government and there is a separate system for each of the fifty states, for the District of Columbia (the nation’s capital), and for each of the American territories and other overseas possessions. The federal government was established by, and its powers are defined by, the United States Constitution. The individual states have their own constitutions, but the organization of the state governments tends to follow the same general pattern as that of the federal government. The federal legislative body is the United States Congress which consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The two houses of Congress have equal power in the legislative process, and all legislation must be passed by both of them. In the system of checks and balances, Congress can refuse to approve Presidential appointments and can override presidential veto. Executive power is exercised by, or under the authority of, the President. The executive branch consists of the President, the Vice President, the Cabinet and the 13 Departments. Its responsibility is to enforce laws. Judicial power is exercised by both federal and state courts. They interpret laws and make decisions in lawsuits.
Which system of law is the USA legal system based on?
on common and civil law
on civil law
on common law
not mentioned
Do all individual states have their own constitutions?
none of the states has its own constitution
some of the states have their own constitutions
all individual states have their own constitutions
not mentioned
What is the federal legislative body of the USA?
the President
the Cabinet of Ministers
the Congress
not mentioned
Who is executive power exercised by?
the President
the Senate
the House of Representatives
not mentioned
Who is judicial power exercised by?
federal and state courts
federal courts
states courts
not mentioned

Almost everything we do is governed by some set of rules. There are rules for games, for social clubs, for sports and for work. There are also rules imposed by morality and custom that play an important role in telling us what we should and should not do. However, some rules – those made by the state or the courts – are called “laws”. Laws resemble morality because they are designed to control or alter our behavior. But unlike rules of morality, laws are enforced by the courts; if you break a law – whether you like that law or not – you may be forced to pay a fine, pay damages, or go to prison. If we did not live in a structured society with other people, laws would not be necessary. We would simply do as we please, with little regard for others. But ever since individuals began to associate with other people – to live in society – laws have been the glue that has kept society together. Even in a well-ordered society, people have disagreements and conflicts arise. The law must provide a way to resolve these disputes peacefully. We need law, then, to ensure a safe and peaceful society in which individuals’ rights are respected. The legal system should respect individual rights while, at the same time, ensuring that society operates in an orderly manner. And society should believe in the Rule of Law, which means that the law applies to every person. What is our behavior governed by?
family relations
some set of rules
personal desires
not mentioned
What is the difference between laws and rules of morality?
there is no difference between laws and rules of morality
laws are enforced by the courts
laws control people behavior, laws of morality do not
not mentioned
What is the aim of the law when people have disagreements?
to let them do what they want
to provide a way to resolve these disagreements peacefully
to punish such people
not mentioned
Why do we need laws that everyone must obey?
to know what we should do
to ensure a safe and peaceful society in which individuals’ rights are respected
to dispute with other people
not mentioned
The Rule of Law means that…
people should behave in a right way
the law applies to every person
people should live peacefully
not mentioned

Law is a system of rules established by the state. The main aim of law is to consolidate and safeguard the social and state system and its economic foundation. The system of law in our country consists of different categories of law. Constitutional law is a leading category of the whole system of law. Its principal source is the country’s Constitution. It deals with social structure, the state system, organization of state power and the legal status of citizens. Administrative law is closely connected with constitutional law but it deals with the legal forms of concrete executive and administrative activity of a government and ministries. Criminal law defines the general principles of criminal responsibility, individual types of crimes and punishments applied to criminals. Criminal law takes the form of a criminal code. International law regulates relations between governments and also between private citizens of one country and those of another. Financial law regulates the budget, taxation, state credits and other spheres of financial activity. Civil law is connected with relations in the economic sphere of life, with relations involving property, its distribution and exchange. The right in property is the central institution of civil law. The rules of employment law include the legislation on the employment of industrial and office workers and regulate matters arising from employment relations.
What is the main aim of law? -: to influence the society -: to regulate people behavior +: to consolidate and safeguard the social and state system and its economic foundation -: not mentioned
rehabilitation program
electronic tagging
suspended sentence
prison sentence

The UK has a parliamentary system of governance, with the Westminster Parliament being the supreme law-making body. The doctrine of supremacy of Parliament means that the courts accept that legislation enacted by Parliament takes precedence over the common law (essentially, judge-made law as developed through cases). The head of state is the monarch who is unelected and who occupies that position by virtue of birth. In practice, the role of the monarch is largely ceremonial. The UK Parliament comprises two separate Houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Commons is a representative body. Members of the House are elected. The House of Lords is not elected and is not a representative body. Most members of the House of Lords are life peers appointed by the Monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister. There is no formal separation of powers in the UK constitution, but it is possible to identify persons or bodies that make up branches of the state: The executive branch is made up of the monarch, the Prime Minister and other Government Ministers, the civil service and members of the police and armed forces. The legislative branch is made up of the monarch, the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The judicial branch is made up of the monarch, legally-qualified judges and magistrates (non-legally-qualified members of the public).What is the supreme law-making body in the UK? -: the Monarch -: the Prime Minister +: the Parliament -: not mentionedWho is the head of the state in the UK?
the Parliament
the Prime Minister
the Monarch
not mentioned
How many houses does the Parliament of Westminster comprise?
one
three
two
not mentioned
Are the members of House of Lords elected?
they are elected
some of them are elected
they are not elected
not mentioned
Is there an official division of authorities in the UK?
there is an official division of authorities
there is an official division of some authorities
there is no official division of authorities
not mentioned

Choose the odd one out:
True facts about barristers:
Выберите один ответ:
they are self-employed lawyers
they give opinions on areas of law to solicitors
educational standard for them is really high.
they work only in partnerships

Where the claimant has sought an injunction, for example, preventing the defendant from trespassing on the claimant’s property, the court must decide what is an appropriate _________________, if any, and the precise terms of it.
Guess which word is missing:
Выберите один ответ:
decision
penalty
remedy
sentence